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Van Hove singularities and kagome signatures in twisted bilayer germanene
Harold Zandvliet  1@  , Dennis Klaassen  1  , Carolien Castenmiller  1  , Pantelis Bampoulis  1  
1 : University of Twente [Netherlands]

Here we report a scanning tunneling microscopy study on the structural and electronic properties of twisted bilayer germanene. We show that 21.8 degrees twisted bilayer germanene results in the formation of an electronic kagome lattice. Simple tight-binding calculations without the incorporation of spin-orbit coupling reveal that the electronic band structure of a kagome lattice is characterized by two energy bands with a linear dispersion relation that cross at the Fermi level and a third energy band that is dispersion-less. In contrast to twisted bilayer graphene, not two, but rather four, Van Hove singularities are found for twisted bilayer germanene. The doubling of the number of Van Hove singularities is caused by the electric field of the scanning tunneling microscope. Owing to a difference in work function between tip and substrate an electric field emerges that shifts charge from one sub-lattice of the honeycomb lattice to the other sub-lattice of the honeycomb lattice. This charge shift results in the opening of a gap between spin-up and spin-down bands.



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